Roughly a month ago I posted the first in, what should become, a series of development updates concerning Phing. This second blog post details the most important updates during the past four weeks as Phing is moving steadily towards another release (2.4.10 is due out next week).

Updates mentioned in this post are:

• User Guide starts move to DocBook format
• Liquibase docs
• PhpDocumentor
• PHP 5.4 compatibility
• PHAR package
• Various (bug)fixes, the 2.4.10 release (listed)

Check out the full post for more details on each of these topics.

About the JSON extension improvements:

By default, when we pass object to json_encode function, it will return JSON representation of object public properties. [...] PHP 5.4 introduces JsonSerializable interface with JsonSerialize abstract method. After implementing this method we can independently set values used in JSON representation.

Related to the header_register_callback addition

After looking at new functions introduced in PHP 5.4 we can found one called header_register_callback. Using it, we can register callback which will be called before sending output.

The stable version of PHP 5.4 has officially been released, so get out there and grab it and start using these new features now!

One set of changes that I think is particularly important was largely overlooked: For PHP 5.4 cataphract (Artefacto on StackOverflow) heroically rewrote large parts of htmlspecialchars thus fixing various quirks and adding some really nice new features. Here a quick summary of the most important changes: UTF-8 as the default charset, improved error handling (ENT_SUBSTITUTE) and Doctype handling (ENT_HTML401,...).

He goes into each of these three main features in a bit more detail, providing code to illustrate the improved error handling and the new flags for Doctype handling (covering HTML 4.01, HTML 5, XML 1 and XHTML).

PHP 5.4 will be stable soon. In this post I'll try to give you an overview and examples of the new PHP 5.4 features. If you want to try out PHP 5.4 (which is currently in RC3), it has to be installed first. I suggest that you try this out on a virtual machine so you don't break your current PHP version.

Improvements on the list include:

• Improved Session Extension
• Built-in webserver
• Traits
• Array dereferencing
• Method calls through arrays
• Binary notation for integers
• Instantiate a class without running constructor
• Improved JSON extension
• Improved CURL extension

And this is just a start - they detail each of the improvements and provide code where needed to illustrate the update. They also link over to the PHP.net manual (or PHP bug tracker) for more information on the new feature/change.

[Rasmus Lerdorf recently said at a Seattle meetup] "If you aren't running PHP 5.3 on Windows, you're lucky…because you have a 40% performance boost coming." He clarified this by saying that, with some help from Microsoft, improvements were made in PHP 5.3 that led to a 40% performance improvement of PHP on Windows. Because he didn't go into the details of why this performance boost was realized, I got questions in email the next day asking about why.

The information in a borrowed slide (from a presentation by Pierre Joye) shows what the differences between the versions are - things like the use of a more modern compiler (VC9 vs VC6), calls to the Win32 API directly and better library management.

Code coverage tells you how much of your code base is actually being tested by your unit tests. It's a very useful feature, but sadly, it slows down PHP's execution quite a lot. One part of this slowdown is the overhead to record the information internally, but another part is because I have to overload lots of opcodes. (Opcodes are PHP's internal execution units, similar to assembler instructions) They are always overloaded even if code coverage is not used, because it's only safe to overload them for the whole request.

These changes were from a combination of contributions from Taavi Burns and a new ini setting that will allow you to enable or disable the code coverage in XDebug. Benchmarking shows a good amount of time reduction in coverage runs - dropping anywhere from a few seconds to over a minute. He also mentions the idea of "modes", shortcuts to predefined settings for different types of reporting (like "profiling" or "tracing").

Stopping development for weeks while you figure out how to add unit tests to cover your entire codebase is simply something that cannot be done (at least, not if you want to keep your job), no matter what future benefits it might bring. The good news is, adding unit testing to your existing project only takes five minutes - which is pretty much how long it takes to get a unit testing framework installed. That's it. Move on.

He puts the emphasis on unit testing to manage change in a code base, not so much to ensure that the current application runs as it should (not initially at least). He's found them most useful in bugfixing, refactoring and when adding new functionality. Current tests (and even tests written in TDD) can help with all of these. He includes reminders that if the tests aren't written well, they're useless and that once you've started testing, it needs to be continuous, even if they're not perfect.

After two weeks, we have closed the poll among the PHP community of Web Builder Zone to establish which are the most wanted features, which will influence development of applications on PHP 5.4. Hopefully this poll would also shape our focus in tutorials in the future - I personally plan to dedicate more time to the winning features.

Runners up included the removal of magic quotes and strict mode with the top three being (in this order) the upload progress patch, traits and the array improvements leading the pack. You can see the results here.

I have worked on a lot of different systems and projects in my years and most of that was spent doing PHP. However just recently I have noticed a new major point in time - a new era of PHP frameworks. Seems like everything is changing these days. I want to discuss what I think the current state is, what's wrong with it and how the new gang of frameworks is going to change it.

Juozas starts with a brief history of the "why" and "how" PHP frameworks came to be and how they've improved over time. In this new generation things like dependency injection containers and annotations are changes for the better. Three frameworks mentioned specifically as driving forces in this new movement are Zend Framework 2.0, Lithium and Symfony2.

This post covers most performance improvement tips related to PHP coding. While working with small website or project it's ok to ignore these tips, but when you are dealing with large website or project which is going to maintained for long term and which have large number of user base. Developer must have to consider the below tips from the starting of the project.

Their tips include:

• echo is more faster than print
• Always use single quotes for long strings instead of double quotes. Because in double quotes it will search for php variable to evaluate them.
• If you can declare a method as static then let it be
• Try to minimize relative paths for files inclusion.

Keep in mind that these aren't a "silver bullet" for making your application run faster. These sorts of suggestions should only be applied after the major optimizations (caching with something like APC, good application structure) have been put in place. For most of these examples, you'll only really see an improvement if your application makes use of them heavily in a looping structure.